撰写The results of an unannounced visit released by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) a few days ago show that among the 103 automobile 4S shops, 17 do not use original parts during repair and maintenance, 31 use non-original parts, and 46% use counterfeit parts.
This will give the "Regulations on the Responsibility for Repair, Replacement and Return of Household Automobile Products" (referred to as ")Automobile three guarantees") poured a pot of cold water.
According to informed sources, it has become an industry for 4S shops to use non-original accessories during maintenance.hidden rules”。 The reasons are as follows: first, the price of non-original parts is low, and 4S stores can get more profits; Second, it can reduce the maintenance price, so as to retain consumers and make money after sales when sales slow down.
However, the reason why most consumers choose to go to the 4S shop for maintenance is a peace of mind, but the 4S shop uses a large number of non-original parts and even fake and shoddy products in the maintenance process, which not only lays a hidden danger for traffic safety, but also increases the operation difficulty for the upcoming "three guarantees for automobiles".
The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) issued the "Three Guarantees for Automobile" regulation on January 15th this year, which respectively defined the responsibilities and obligations of producers, sellers, repairers and consumers. However, the problems related to the return, replacement and repair of automobiles are all related to the maintenance of spare parts. In the current market environment where counterfeit parts are rampant, it is difficult to define the responsibility of the "three guarantees for automobiles" and it will be more difficult to implement it.
Fake spoiler
According to insiders, the accessories in the automobile maintenance market at present include original parts, original parts, deputy parts and pure counterfeit parts.
According to the regulations of the vehicle manufacturer, only original parts can be used in its authorized 4S shop, that is, the parts directly produced by the automobile manufacturer or authorized by the entrusted manufacturer can be used.SAIC Motor Corporation LimitedBrand logo of car manufacturer.
The so-called factory parts refer to the parts produced by the upstream suppliers who provide the parts by the automobile factory, but the brand symbols of the automobile factory are not marked. This kind of accessories come from the same manufacturer as the original parts, but they are packaged and sold to 4S stores by the accessories suppliers themselves. However, due to the strict control of channels and profits by the OEM, parts suppliers are not allowed to bypass the OEM and sell them directly to 4S stores, so the number of genuine parts circulating in the market is not much.
The accessories that really circulate in large quantities in the market are deputy factory parts. This kind of auto parts is produced by a regular enterprise that is not authorized by the manufacturer. The factory develops and manufactures them according to the matching style of the original factory parts, but there are also a lot of fakes in the auxiliary factory parts, which will be harmful to the maintenance.RepairThe car buried a safety hazard.
According to a person in charge of a 4S shop, in the process of sales, maintenance and installation, 4S shops usually use the original factory parts and good quality deputy factory parts to impersonate the original parts, and charge them according to the price of the original parts. This makes consumers not only spend money, but also get the protection they deserve.
In addition to the above-mentioned non-original parts, there are also some counterfeit parts completely produced by small underground factories. No matter whether it is the original parts, the original parts or the auxiliary parts, there are many inferior counterfeit products. This kind of products are mostly in second-and third-tier cities and roadside small repair shops, and some small repair shops with insurance maintenance qualifications will also purchase such accessories for profit.
"Sales now.New carThe pressure is getting bigger and bigger, and the profit is getting thinner and thinner. For dealers, maintenance,take care of one’s healthWaiting for after-sales service is the new battlefield for making money. "A person in charge of a 4S shop admits that many dealers purchase accessories from the parts city or other channels to pretend to be the original parts designated by the automobile factory in order to obtain more price difference profits.
In addition, this is also a means for 4S stores to retain customers.
"In order to lower the price of maintenance, some 4S stores give consumers more choices. On the surface, they are products of different grades, but they are actually deputy factory parts." The person in charge of the above 4S shop revealed.
In the field of automobile maintenance, because the information of dealers and consumers is not equal, most consumers have very limited understanding of automobile maintenance, and it is even more difficult to tell whether the accessories are original parts. This is also an important reason why 4S stores use non-original parts unscrupulously.
According to Chen Wenkai, president of Geshi Auto Network, the sub-factory parts are divided into many grades. For example, the fine imitation is the highest grade, almost the same as the original factory parts and the original factory parts, and the quality is also very good; Followed by high imitation. However, these accessory parts are difficult to identify from the appearance, and they must be identified by cutting experiments. Even if the consumer watches the workers install in the 4S shop, whether the original parts are used or not, the consumer can’t tell.
On the other hand, vehicle manufacturers lack effective management and constraints on the parts procurement of 4S stores. At present, the usual supervision method of automobile manufacturers is to assess the task of purchasing original parts in 4S shops. The calculation method of the task quantity is to calculate a certain amount of spare parts consumption according to the local market quantity and average car age of the brand car, minus a part of the number that may not be repaired in the 4S shop, and then allocate it to the local 4S shops equally.
Although the 4S shop has to purchase certain original parts from the automobile factory in order to complete the task, the 4S shop will still use the exchange method to exchange fake goods for real ones. According to informed sources, 4S stores often purchase original parts to complete the tasks specified by manufacturers, and then replace them with equivalent deputy parts with auto parts cities or roadside stores, and the two sides do not provide invoices to each other to avoid supervision.
The original parts that are usually used for exchanging goods are the core parts that the automobile factory only provides to the 4S shop, and the technical content is high, which is why the auto parts city can also get the original parts that should only be circulated in the 4S shop channel. In this way, the 4S shop not only completed the original parts procurement task assessed by the whole vehicle factory, but also exchanged a large number of much cheaper deputy parts.
Whose "cheese"
In Chen Wenkai’s view, the reason why 4S stores purchase a large number of non-original parts is that the price factor is only one aspect, and the fundamental reason lies in the absolutely monopolized maintenance service system of vehicle manufacturers.
Vehicle manufacturers generally designate several parts suppliers to produce loading parts (which basically do not flow into the after-sales market) and parts for after-sales service, and the specifications and quality of after-sales parts are the same as those of the whole vehicle. In addition, contracts between automakers and suppliers are mostly as long as 10-15 years. During the contract period, parts produced by cooperative suppliers are not allowed to flow into non-4S stores, while 4S stores must purchase original parts through automakers.
The huge market share, coupled with the pricing power of parts and the monopoly of channels, can ensure that automakers can earn more profits in after-sales service. In the profit pattern brought by auto parts, the proportion of automobile manufacturers is quite high, which can not only be sold to dealers at a higher price on the basis of purchase price, but also the pricing that dealers finally sell to consumers is set by automobile manufacturers.
According to the data provided by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the profit rate of the automobile after-sales service market has reached 40%. Chen Wenkai estimates that the gross profit margin of automobile manufacturers on accessories has reached about 50% on average.
Executive Vice President and Secretary General of china automobile dealers associationShen jinjunIt is said that on the basis of the purchase price of the original parts, the OEM will increase the price of the dealers by as much as 20%-100%. If a dealer purchases parts from an automobile factory, the cost is quite high. If he wants to ensure his gross profit margin and earn more profits in the increasingly fierce market competition, he must secretly increase the price again, so the price of parts will rise.
The exorbitant price of original parts and the continuous loss of after-sales consumers make it difficult for 4S stores to resist the temptation of deputy parts.
According to Chen Wenkai, at present, there are hundreds of thousands of domestic factories producing sub-factory parts. Although none of them have formed a large scale, they all have their own division of labor, such as focusing on making a certain brand of products or certain types of accessories.
"It is not illegal for a factory to have a formal production license as long as it is not labeled with the logo of the OEM, whether it is the original factory or the auxiliary factory." Chen Wenkai said.
"Three Guarantees" Problem
On October 1st, the regulation of "three guarantees for automobiles" will be formally implemented. In the industry’s view, from the current after-sales service market environment, the innate conditions for the implementation of "three guarantees for automobiles" are not ideal.
With the implementation of "three guarantees for automobiles", dealers will be pushed to the stage. In the process of repair, the standard of parts market and the level of maintenance personnel will become important conditions for the smooth implementation of the "three guarantees", which is even an important factor affecting the return of goods.
Chen Wenkai said that passing the original factory parts and sub-factory parts off as original ones means that the goods provided are not in conformity with the goods purchased by consumers, which is illegal, and "the implementation of the Three Guarantees will be very difficult".
Deputy Secretary-General of China Automobile Industry AssociationDong JianpingIt is believed that during the "Three Guarantees" period, when consumers ask for a replacement or free maintenance of vehicles, an important proof is whether the problem parts are those that are being maintained in a 4S shop. If the 4S shop itself uses the sub-factory parts to pretend to be the original parts, it will cause great difficulties for consumers to protect their rights.
Liu Zhaobin, director of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, said in an interview with the media that the regulatory authorities will improve the corresponding standards, implementation rules and some normative documents as soon as possible around the provisions of the "three guarantees" of automobiles and the provisions of the upper-level law.
Shen Jinjun also revealed that the national quality supervision department is improving the "three guarantees for automobiles" and will add the contents related to auto parts. "After the detailed rules are promulgated, we will protect the interests of consumers, manufacturers and dealers according to the actual situation, and feedback the implementation to the quality supervision department at any time."
He said that the lack of certification from relevant authorities is also one of the reasons for the chaos in the auto parts market.
In Dong Jianping’s view, the main problem at present is that all vehicle manufacturers have their own standards for parts, but from the perspective of the industry as a whole, there is a lack of unified standards in the field of parts. This also makes it impossible for the regulatory authorities to conduct strong supervision and certification.
In addition, the absolute control of parts by the automobile factory is also one of the reasons for the confusion of parts procurement in 4S shops. In the eyes of the industry, breaking the monopoly of automakers on the after-sales market and forming more adequate market competition are the root causes to solve the serious disorder of accessories.
Shen Jinjun said that in some European countries, automakers will disclose the quality standards of auto parts, and all parts manufacturers can produce them. As long as they meet the standards, they can sell them, and dealers can purchase them freely.
Dong Jianping also said that it is debatable to use the original parts regardless of whether the vehicle is old or new. "Is it necessary to update the key core components with a long service life for some old cars that have traveled more than 100,000 kilometers?"
"Quality certified parts should be vigorously promoted". Dong Jianping’s idea is that the automobile factory should disclose the drawings of parts, and allow relevant parts suppliers to develop parts whose shelf life is slightly lower than that of loaded parts. The materials and processes are slightly worse, but there is also a whole set of systems to standardize them, and the automobile factory should coordinate and certify them. 4S stores and consumers can also choose some cheap parts with short shelf life to save costs.